Quick Code Q&A: Door Hardware Exceptions

Jun 09, 2023

July’s Quick Code Q&A will continue the discussion of door hardware exceptions—looking at the use of deadbolts installed on doors along egress paths.

Question: Are deadbolts compliant with the code requirements for egress, fire protection and accessibility?

This question is often asked because most doors in a means of egress must unlatch with one releasing motion. Unless specifically allowed by code, a deadbolt would not be permitted on a door that is also equipped with latching hardware. This prohibition would not apply to deadbolts that are integral to a mortise lock or interconnected lock because both the latch bolt and deadbolt retract when the lever is turned.

The model codes allow egress doors to have hardware that requires more than one releasing motion to unlatch the door in some locations. For example, both the International Building Code and National Fire Protection Association codes allow entrance doors serving dwelling units and sleeping units in residential occupancies to have a deadbolt, night latch or security chain in addition to the latching hardware. In these locations (and others specified in the codes), the deadbolt must be operable for egress without using a key or tool. If the door is fire-rated, the deadbolt must be listed for use as a component of a fire door assembly.

Accessibility is another concern for deadbolts, as the accessibility standards require hardware to be operable without tight grasping, pinching or twisting of the wrist. Most lock manufacturers now offer deadbolts and other locks with thumb turns that are elongated and pivot from the end, making them easier to operate as required by the standards. In addition, the hardware used to retract the deadbolt must be installed between 34 and 48 inches above the floor or as required by the adopted codes and standards. The accessibility standards do not address keys, as they are not considered an operable part of the lock. For this reason, keys are not prohibited for doors on an accessible route, even though their use requires physical dexterity.

It should be noted that a deadbolt must not be installed on a door serving an area that requires panic hardware unless the deadbolt is specifically permitted as an alternative (ex: main entrance doors or enclosed exterior spaces).

The adopted codes in a state or local jurisdiction may differ from the model codes referenced here. For example, in some states, the mounting height range for the releasing hardware is more restrictive than the range stated in the national model codes and accessibility standards. It is a best practice to refer to the adopted codes in a project’s location for specific requirements.

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